It was more than 60 years ago that the Nuremberg trials were held. From November 20, 1945 to October 1, 1946, the International Military Tribunal tried 22 high-ranking Nazis on charges including war crimes and crimes against humanity. This exceptional tribunal prefigured one of the milestones of modern politics: the development of international criminal law. It is in the spirit of the Nuremberg Trials that the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) convenes in Arusha, Tanzania, at the foot of Mt. Kilimanjaro. The United Nations Security Council created the tribunal with the passage of resolution 955 on November 8, 1994. It was established to prosecute those responsible for the 1994 genocide in Rwanda, which killed nearly one million people, most of them Tutsis, over the course of three months while the rest of the world stood by and watched.